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Lymphoma is a complex and diverse group of cancers that affect the lymphatic system, a critical part of the body’s immune system. Accurate and precise diagnosis of lymphoma plays a pivotal role in determining the most effective treatment options for patients. In this article, we’ll delve into the significance of precise diagnosis in lymphoma and how it impacts treatment decisions and patient outcomes.

Understanding Lymphoma

Before exploring the importance of precise diagnosis, it’s essential to understand the nature of lymphoma. Lymphoma is broadly categorized into two main types: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). These categories encompass numerous subtypes, each with unique characteristics and treatment considerations.

Lymphoma originates from lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, and can affect lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and other organs involved in the immune system. Symptoms of lymphoma may include swollen lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue. Given the heterogeneity of lymphoma subtypes, accurate diagnosis is imperative to tailor treatment approaches for optimal outcomes.

Importance of Precise Diagnosis

Identifying Lymphoma Subtypes: Precise diagnosis involves a series of tests and procedures to identify the specific subtype of lymphoma. Distinguishing between Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and further sub-classifying into specific types (e.g., diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma) is crucial for determining the most appropriate treatment regimen.

Assessing Disease Stage: Diagnostic tests, including imaging studies (e.g., CT scans, PET scans) and bone marrow biopsies, help determine the extent and spread of lymphoma (staging). Treatment approaches vary significantly based on disease stage, with localized disease often treated differently from advanced or widespread disease.

Characterizing Molecular and Genetic Features: Advances in molecular and genetic testing enable oncologists to identify specific molecular abnormalities and genetic mutations associated with lymphoma. This information guides treatment decisions, particularly in the era of precision medicine and targeted therapies.

Diagnostic Procedures for Lymphoma

A comprehensive diagnostic workup for lymphoma typically includes the following:

Medical History and Physical Examination: Gathering information about symptoms, medical history, and risk factors.

Imaging Studies: CT scans, PET scans, MRI scans to visualize lymph nodes and detect abnormalities.

Biopsy and Pathology: Removal and examination of lymph node or affected tissue to confirm lymphoma subtype.

Blood Tests: Complete blood count (CBC), flow cytometry, and other laboratory tests to assess blood cell counts and identify specific markers.

Molecular and Genetic Testing: Advanced techniques to analyze molecular and genetic features of lymphoma cells.

Impact on Treatment Decisions

Precise diagnosis directly influences treatment decisions in lymphoma:

Chemotherapy: Administered either alone or in combination with other drugs to kill cancer cells.

Radiation Therapy: Uses high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells.

Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune system to recognize and attack lymphoma cells.

Targeted Therapies: Drugs that specifically target cancer cells based on molecular characteristics.

Personalized Medicine in Lymphoma Treatment

Advancements in precision medicine have transformed lymphoma treatment, allowing for personalized approaches that target specific molecular pathways involved in cancer growth. Targeted therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors, have revolutionized the management of certain lymphoma subtypes, improving response rates and reducing side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy.

Challenges and Future Directions

Despite significant progress, challenges remain in the diagnosis and treatment of lymphoma:

Identifying Rare Subtypes: Some lymphoma subtypes are rare and may require specialized diagnostic expertise.

Treatment Resistance: Resistance to targeted therapies and disease relapse pose ongoing challenges that necessitate innovative research and treatment strategies.

Optimizing Diagnostic Tools: Continued refinement of diagnostic technologies, including liquid biopsies and molecular imaging, promises enhanced precision in lymphoma diagnosis and monitoring.

Conclusion

In conclusion, precise diagnosis of lymphoma is essential for offering patients the best treatment options and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. By accurately characterizing lymphoma subtypes, disease stage, and molecular features, healthcare providers can tailor personalized treatment strategies that maximize efficacy while minimizing side effects. Ongoing advancements in diagnostic techniques and targeted therapies underscore the promising future of lymphoma management, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and individualized care in improving patient outcomes.

When it comes to juvenile cancers, pediatric sarcoma and bone cancer present particular difficulties. Because of their unique qualities and the delicate nature of treating young patients, many rare but dangerous diseases require specialist attention. Here, we will examine the subtleties of treating bone cancer, delve into the complexities of pediatric sarcoma cancer, and illuminate the always-changing strategies medical professionals use to take on these tough foes in this blog post.

 

Recognizing Pediatric Sarcoma:

Children and adolescents may develop pediatric sarcoma, a rare type of cancer, in their soft tissues or bones. This cancer includes a wide range of tumor types, each with unique difficulties. The difficulty of making an early diagnosis, which frequently results in a delayed start of treatment, is one of the main challenges in treating pediatric sarcoma. This diagnostic problem is exacerbated by the rarity of these tumors and the variety of symptoms, underscoring the need for increased awareness among parents and healthcare practitioners.

 

Significance of Early Identification:

The fight against pediatric sarcoma continues to be based on early identification. Parents and caregivers are essential when it comes to seeing possible warning signals like chronic discomfort, swelling, or unexplained tumors. Early intervention can have a major impact on the prognosis, highlighting the significance of routine pediatric examinations and keeping lines of communication open with medical providers.

 

Pediatric Patients with Bone Cancer:

As a subtype of pediatric sarcoma, bone cancer has its own special difficulties. The two most prevalent forms of bone cancer in children that affect long bones, such as the arms and legs, are osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Because of their aggressive nature, treatment for these malignancies must be interdisciplinary, involving radiation oncologists, pediatric oncologists, and orthopedic surgeons.

 

Therapy Strategies for Bone Cancer and Pediatric Sarcoma:

As medical science and technology develop, do the therapy options for bone cancer and pediatric sarcoma. The foundation for treating these tumors continues to be traditional methods such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Nonetheless, newer forms of treatment, such as immunotherapy and targeted medicines, present encouraging paths toward more focused and successful interventions.

• Surgical Intervention: When it comes to treating pediatric sarcoma and bone cancer, surgery is essential. The intention is to remove the tumor as much as possible while leaving as much healthy tissue intact. Modern surgical methods, such as limb-sparing surgery, try to keep young patients functioning and enjoying their lives as much as possible, lessening the negative effects of treatment on their long-term health.
• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is still a standard treatment for bone cancer and pediatric sarcoma. Chemotherapy regimens that are specifically tailored aim to target cancer cells with the least amount of damage to healthy tissues. The difficulty is in striking a balance between the strong anti-cancer effects and any possible adverse consequences, particularly in children’s developing bodies.

Read More Blog: What Are The Things You Should Know Before Starting Chemotherapy?

• Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays are used in radiation therapy to target and kill cancer cells. It is critical to apply radiation with precision, especially in pediatric instances where it is essential to minimize damage to adjacent healthy tissues. Proton therapy is one example of an advanced technology that offers greater precision and less long-term treatment impact on growing tissues.
• Targeted Therapies: Targeted therapies interfere with the growth signals of cancer cells by focusing on particular molecular defects within the cells. Targeted medicines have promise in treating specific genetic abnormalities that propel tumor growth in the context of pediatric sarcoma. These treatments are still in the early phases of investigation, which emphasizes the continuous need for study and clinical trials.
• Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy stimulates the immune system of the body to identify and combat cancerous cells. Although it has demonstrated impressive results in treating certain adult cancers, research is currently being done on its use in treating pediatric sarcoma and bone cancer. The prospects for the future are bright when the potential of immunotherapy for treating childhood cancer is realized.

Read More Blog: How Does Immunotherapy Help In The Fight Against Cancer?

 

Value of Supportive Care:

In addition to providing medical care, children patients with sarcoma and bone cancer require holistic care that attends to their emotional and psychological needs. Supportive care services are essential in assisting children and their families in overcoming the obstacles related to cancer treatment. These services include counseling, palliative care, and survivorship programs.

 

In summary, treatment for bone cancer and pediatric sarcoma must be thorough and dynamic due to their unique problems. For young patients facing these powerful opponents, the environment is becoming increasingly promising thanks to early detection, advancements in surgical procedures, targeted medicines, and immunotherapy. In order to give children and adolescents affected by pediatric sarcoma and bone cancer hope and improve their prognosis, healthcare professionals, researchers, and support networks must work together while research into these complicated diseases continues. For the best bone cancer treatment, you should choose Oncoplus and experience world-class care that is tailored to your specific needs. At Oncoplus, we’re dedicated to giving patients with bone cancer the finest care possible. We have a team of highly skilled oncologists and state-of-the-art facilities.

One of the most prevalent malignancies in males globally is prostate cancer, for which early identification is essential to successful treatment. India is now an attractive option for people looking for efficient prostate cancer treatment because of the country’s recent significant advancements in the field of cancer care. Here, we’ll discuss the five telltale indicators of prostate cancer in this blog post and talk about Indian treatment options.

 

Let us look at some early indicators of prostate cancer before discussing the Indian medical options available:

1- Urinary Changes: Modifications in urination patterns are among the first indicators of prostate cancer. Men may have trouble starting and stopping their urine, have a weak stream, or feel the need to urinate a lot, especially at night. These symptoms may be indicative of prostate cancer, although they can also be caused by an enlarged prostate or Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).

2- Blood in Urine or Semen: This can be a worrying sign if blood is seen in the urine or semen. Prostate cancer may occasionally be indicated by hematuria (blood in the urine) or hematospermia (blood in the semen). These symptoms should not be disregarded even if they are not specific to prostate cancer and can also be brought on by other illnesses.

3- Erectile Dysfunction: Because prostate malignant cells can damage the blood arteries and nerves that support an erection, erectile dysfunction can also result from prostate cancer. It’s crucial to remember that erectile dysfunction is a prevalent problem with a variety of causes, but in certain instances, prostate cancer may be involved.

4- Pain and Discomfort: Men who have prostate cancer may feel pain in their hips, pelvis, or lower back. When the cancer has progressed outside of the prostate gland, this can happen. The discomfort could last for a long time and get worse. Seeking medical advice from an expert is imperative in cases of this kind of suffering.

5- Unexplained Weight Loss: An advanced stage of prostate cancer may be indicated by sudden and inexplicable weight loss. Cancer cells have the ability to proliferate and disseminate, which can cause appetite loss and unintentional weight loss. Even though there are many reasons for weight loss, it’s essential to take it seriously as a possible warning indicator, mainly if there are additional symptoms of prostate cancer.

 

After talking about the early indicators of prostate cancer, let’s examine the Indian therapy choices available in Delhi, India:-

Prostate cancer treatment in Delhi, India, with its top-notch facilities, knowledgeable medical staff, and affordable treatment options, has become a well-known destination for cancer treatment. The nation is home to several prominent cancer treatment facilities with state-of-the-art equipment and professional staff. Hence, some of the treatments discussed below include:

• Surgery: One of the most prevalent methods for treating prostate cancer is surgery. Radical prostatectomy, in which the prostate gland is removed entirely, is the most common procedure. Surgeons with extensive experience in India execute this treatment precisely, frequently utilizing minimally invasive methods to reduce discomfort and recovery time.
• Radiation therapy: In radiation therapy, cancer cells are targeted and killed by high-energy X-rays or other particles. India provides state-of-the-art radiation therapy methods like Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), which spare healthy tissues while precisely delivering radiation doses to the tumor.
• Hormone Therapy: Prostate cancer cell proliferation is frequently slowed with hormone therapy. Many hormonal therapies are available in India, such as androgen deprivation therapy, which reduces the levels of male hormones that promote the growth of prostate cancer.
• Chemotherapy: If the disease has progressed outside of the prostate, chemotherapy may be advised in some circumstances. India’s oncology centres provide modern chemotherapy regimens using the newest medications to enhance treatment outcomes.
• Targeted treatment and immunotherapy: Prostate cancer immunotherapy and targeted therapy have advanced significantly in India. These cutting-edge therapies seek to either target particular chemicals implicated in the formation of cancer or strengthen the body’s immune response against cancer cells. They are offered at prestigious Indian cancer treatment centres and show promise in outcomes.

Read More: Immunotherapy For Cancer Treatment In Delhi

 

In summary, men’s health is greatly affected by prostate cancer, but the best chance of recovery is achieved with early identification and access to high-quality treatment choices. Identifying the early indicators of prostate cancer is the first step toward obtaining prompt medical care. For those in need of prostate cancer treatment, India has exceptional options because of its top-notch medical infrastructure and experience. Remember that getting the correct diagnosis and treatment plan from a medical professional is essential, and starting therapy earlier can have a significant impact on your recovery.

So, if you’re worried about your health and have prostate cancer and want to speak with the top cancer doctors, then you should consult Oncoplus, which offers the most significant cancer treatment in India. We are the first-ever dedicated cancer care unit that complies with global standards. Our service offering is structured to provide a comprehensive platform for diagnosis and treatment. To develop a vision of an India free of cancer and cognizant of the disease, we are collaborating with Indian social security plans. Let’s fight cancer together and live a fulfilling life.

Immunotherapy Drug – A Promising Treatment to Lower the Risk of Bladder Cancer Recurrence after Surgery:

 

Bladder cancer is a common malignancy that affects millions of people worldwide. One of the challenges in treating bladder cancer is the high risk of recurrence, even after surgical removal of the tumor. However, recent advancements in cancer treatment have shown promising results in reducing the risk of bladder cancer returning after surgery. One such breakthrough is the use of immunotherapy drugs, which have shown great potential in lowering the risk of bladder cancer recurrence and improving patient outcomes. If you or your loved ones are battling cancer, you can treat your different types of cancer at different stages with the help of the finest Immunotherapy in Delhi, India. Here in this blog, we will discuss how immunotherapy treatment lowers the risk of bladder cancer and its advantages.

 

Immunotherapy treatment lowers the risk of bladder cancer:

Bladder cancer is often treated with surgery, which involves removing the tumor from the bladder. However, even after the successful surgery, there is a high risk of cancer cells remaining in the bladder, leading to the recurrence of the disease. This is where Immunotherapy comes into play. It is a type of cancer treatment that works by harnessing the body’s immune system to target and destroy cancer cells.

Read More Blog: Immunotherapy For Cancer Treatment In Delhi

One Immunotherapy drug that has shown remarkable success in lowering the risk of bladder cancer recurrence is pembrolizumab, which belongs to a class of drugs known as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Pembrolizumab works by blocking a protein called PD-1 in immune cells, which helps to activate the immune system and enhance its ability to identify and destroy cancer cells. By doing so, pembrolizumab helps to prevent cancer cells from evading the immune system’s detection and attack, reducing the risk of cancer recurrence after surgery.

 

Researchers have conducted multiple clinical trials to assess the effectiveness of pembrolizumab in reducing the risk of bladder cancer recurrence following surgery. One notable trial is the KEYNOTE-045 trial, which involved patients with advanced bladder cancer who had undergone surgery to remove the tumor. The trial results showed that pembrolizumab significantly reduced the risk of cancer recurrence compared to standard chemotherapy, leading to improved overall survival rates.

 

In addition to pembrolizumab, other immune checkpoints inhibitors, such as nivolumab and atezolizumab, have also shown promising results in lowering the risk of bladder cancer recurrence after surgery. These drugs received approval for treating advanced bladder cancer and are currently undergoing clinical trials to explore their potential in reducing the risk of recurrence after surgery.

 

Positive aspects of Immunotherapy:

Immunotherapy offers a notable advantage with its comparatively favorable safety profile when compared to traditional chemotherapy. Unlike chemotherapy, which often leads to adverse effects like nausea, hair loss, and immune suppression, immunotherapy drugs like pembrolizumab typically exhibit fewer side effects and are better tolerated by patients. This makes them a more attractive option for bladder cancer patients who have undergone surgery and are looking to lower their risk of recurrence without experiencing debilitating side effects.

Read More Blog: How Does Immunotherapy Help In The Fight Against Cancer?

Another advantage of immunotherapy is its potential to provide long-term benefits. Unlike chemotherapy, which is typically given in cycles, immunotherapy is often administered continuously, allowing for sustained immune system activation and cancer cell destruction. This prolonged effect may help to prevent the regrowth of cancer cells in the bladder and reduce the risk of recurrence over the long term.

 

It’s important to note that:

• Not all bladder cancer patients are eligible for immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is typically reserved for patients with advanced or metastatic bladder cancer, as well as those at a high risk of recurrence following surgery.
• Eligibility for immunotherapy is determined on a case-by-case basis by the patient’s oncologist, taking into consideration various factors such as the stage and type of bladder cancer, the overall health of the patient, and previous treatments received.

 

Immunotherapy drugs like pembrolizumab show promise in reducing bladder cancer recurrence after surgery. They harness the body’s immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells, preventing their spread. Clinical trials and real-world data support the efficacy of pembrolizumab and other immunotherapy drugs, especially for high-risk bladder cancer patients. Immunotherapy represents a significant advancement in oncology, providing a new approach to managing this complex disease. However, more research is required to optimize patient selection, dosing, and combination therapies to maximize the benefits of immunotherapy in bladder cancer treatment.

 

So if you want to resist cancer, look no further than Oncoplus, the leading cancer hospital in Delhi. Our state-of-the-art facility offers cutting-edge immunotherapy treatments that harness the power of the body’s immune system to fight cancer effectively. With a team of highly skilled oncologists and advanced technology, we provide personalized care and treatment plans for various types of cancer. Experience the latest advancements in cancer care at Oncoplus, where hope meets innovation. Contact us today to book a consultation and take a step towards a brighter tomorrow!

Esophageal cancer is a type of cancer that basically occurs in the esophagus, which is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. The food you swallow, the esophagus transports it from the throat to the stomach for digestion. This is a rare form of cancer that starts in the cell that is inside the esophagus but if it is not caught early, it can be dangerous. Generally, this cancer occurs in humans because of our nutritional habits, obesity, and intake of tobacco and alcohol. April is esophageal cancer awareness month, during which Oncoplus Hospital wants to educate patients about esophageal cancer in order to protect them from the symptoms of this cancer. In this blog, you will learn about esophageal cancer.

Types of esophageal cancer:

There are basically two types of esophageal cancer, which are mentioned below.

1. Squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma develops in the upper part of the esophagus. The main causes of this type of cancer are heavy alcohol consumption, organ transplants, and smoking.

2. Adenocarcinoma.

This cancer develops in the lower part of the esophagus. The causes that increase the risk of developing cancer are chronic acid reflux, chronic heartburn, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Barrett’s esophagus.

Symptoms of esophageal cancer

These are some of the symptoms of esophageal cancer. But it is important to visit a doctor if, in any case, you experience any of these symptoms.

1. Difficulty in swallowing, such as feeling of food stuck in the chest.
2. If the patient feels pain or discomfort in the chest or throat,
3. In case the person is losing weight without trying.
4. Loss of appetite
5. Hoarseness or coughing
6. Indigestion in the stomach or heartburn
7. If there is vomiting or the person coughs up blood,

Causes of esophageal cancer

Some of the factors that increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer are smoking, use of tobacco, intake of alcohol, obesity, chronic heartburn, and if the person is exposed to chemicals, etc.

How do you diagnose esophageal cancer?

Normally, esophageal cancer is not diagnosed until it reaches an advanced stage. Hence, the doctor performs a variety of tests in order to diagnose this cancer. The tests that are performed to diagnose esophageal cancer are as follows:

1. Endoscopy:

In this type of test, a doctor inserts a thin, flexible tube with a camera on the end into the esophagus to look for signs of cancer. With the help of this test, a doctor examines the esophagus and looks for signs of cancer.

2. Biopsy:

In this type of test, doctors use a special scope and pass it down into your esophagus. With this instrument, they remove a small sample of tissue from the esophagus and then examine it under a microscope in order to determine if it is cancerous.

3. Imaging tests:

CT scans, PET scans, or MRI scans may be used to look for signs of cancer in the esophagus or nearby organs.

4. Barium Swallow Study:

In this test, the patient consumes a barium-containing liquid during this research and then undergoes X-rays. The coating of barium inside your esophagus shows changes to the tissue or cells on the X-ray.

Treatment of esophageal cancer:

The treatment for esophageal cancer depends on the stage of the cancer and other factors, such as the patient’s overall health. Oncoplus Hospital provides the best esophageal cancertreatment to patients who are suffering from this disease. The treatment options that include this type of cancer are as follows:

1. Surgery:

Surgery is used by doctors to remove the cancerous tissue from the patient’s body. This treatment is used if the cancer has not spread beyond the esophagus.

2. Chemotherapy:

In this type of treatment, the doctor uses drugs to kill cancer cells. This therapy can be used in combination with other therapies such as surgery or radiation therapy.

Read More Blog: What Are The Things You Should Know Before Starting Chemotherapy?

3. Radiation therapy:

The therapy uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancerous cells. This therapy can be used in combination with surgery or chemotherapy.

Read More Blog: Treatment Of Cancer With Radiation Therapy

How can you prevent esophageal cancer?

Esophageal cancer is a serious disease that can be caused by various factors, including lifestyle choices and environmental factors. The ways to prevent esophageal cancer are as follows:

1. Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle.
2. Limit your intake of alcohol and tobacco.
3. Regular exercise is also important for maintaining a healthy weight, and this also reduces your risk of cancer.
4. Avoid smoking
5. Avoid exposure to environmental toxins.

In conclusion, regular screening and early detection help to prevent esophageal cancer. If you have a family history of the disease or are experiencing symptoms such as difficulty swallowing or persistent heartburn, it is important to talk to your doctor and undergo appropriate testing. Oncoplus Hospital is the best cancer hospital in Delhi that gives proper cancer care to patients.

Cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the kidney cells. The kidneys are the two bean-shaped organs located behind your abdominal organ on either side of the spine. It plays a crucial role in filtering blood and removing waste products from the body. The common type of kidney cancer is the renal cell carcinoma. Other types of kidney cancer include transitional cell carcinoma, Wilms tumor, and renal sarcoma. The major signs of kidney cancer are blood in the urine, abdominal or back pain, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, tiredness, high blood pressure, high calcium, and a lump in the kidney area. Regular checkups with a healthcare provider help you detect kidney cancer early, which improves your chances of a successful treatment. Oncoplus Hospital, the cancer hospital in Delhi, wants to inform you about kidney cancer. In this blog, you will learn the facts about kidney cancer.

Symptoms of Kidney Cancer:

The symptoms of kidney cancer can vary from person to person, and some people may not experience any symptoms at all in the early stages of the disease. The most common symptoms of kidney cancer are blood in the urine, pain in the side or back, weight loss, fatigue, fever, swelling in the legs or ankles, loss of appetite, and tiredness.

Risk Factors for Kidney Cancer:

1. The risk factor for kidney cancer is smoking. Cigarette smoke contains numerous chemicals that can damage DNA, and smokers are more likely to develop kidney cancer than non-smokers.
2. Other risk factors include obesity, high blood pressure, and exposure to certain chemicals.
3. Chronic kidney disease is also a risk factor for kidney cancer, as are certain inherited conditions such as Von Hippel-Lindau disease, hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma, etc.
4. If close family members have a kidney disease, then the risk of having kidney cancer increases.

Prevention Tips

While not all risk factors for kidney cancer are preventable, there are steps that individuals can take to reduce their risk. These include quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, managing high blood pressure, and avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals. It is also important to get regular check-ups and discuss your kidney health with your healthcare provider. By taking proactive measures, individuals can reduce their risk of developing kidney cancer and other kidney-related illnesses.

Treatment Options for Kidney Cancer:

The treatment options for kidney cancer depend on several factors, such as the stage and location of the tumor, the patient’s overall health, and the presence of other medical conditions. The treatment options available for kidney cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy.

1. Surgery:

Surgery is basically the primary treatment for kidney cancer. The most common surgical procedure is a radical nephrectomy, which involves removing the entire affected kidney, surrounding tissue, and nearby lymph nodes. In some cases, a partial nephrectomy surgeon removes only the tumor and a small amount of surrounding tissue while preserving the remaining healthy kidney tissue.

2. Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses radiation to kill cancer cells. It is not a common treatment for kidney cancer but may be used in some cases, such as when surgery is not an option or when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Read More Blog:- Treatment Of Cancer With Radiation Therapy

3. Targeted Therapy:

In targeted therapy treatment, doctors use drugs to target specific molecules that are responsible for the growth and spread of cancer cells. These drugs can block the cancer cells that are used to divide and grow, or they can trigger the immune system to attack cancer cells.

Read More Blog:- Targeted Therapy For Treating Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

4. Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a type of treatment in which doctors use medications to boost the immune system’s ability to recognize and attack cancer cells. The most common type of immunotherapy for kidney cancer is checkpoint inhibitors, which block proteins that prevent the immune system from attacking cancer cells.

Read More Blog:- How Does Immunotherapy Help In The Fight Against Cancer?

At Oncoplus Hospital, you can consult the best cancer doctors in Delhi. In conclusion, kidney cancer can be treated with a combination of surgical, radiation, and systemic therapies. The choice of treatment depends on the individual patient’s situation and a multidisciplinary team of doctors and specialists.

Treatment of Cancer with Radiation Therapy:

Radiation therapy is also known as radiotherapy. It is a type of cancer treatment that uses high-energy radiation to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells. This therapy is used to treat different types of cancer. A radiation oncologist specializes in giving radiation therapy to treat cancer. Many different forms of cancer can be treated with radiation treatment, which can also be used with chemotherapy or surgery. With the help of this therapy, cancer cells stop growing and are destroyed. There are basically two types of radiation therapy: external beam radiation therapy and internal radiation therapy. In this article, you will learn about how radiation therapy helps treat cancer.

How does radiation therapy help treat cancer?

Cancer develops in the body when healthy cells undergo changes and if there is uncontrolled growth of the cells. The cancer cells grow, divide, and multiply faster than normal cells. Radiation therapy damages the DNA of the cancer cells and stops them from growing and getting destroyed. Radiation therapy affects only the target area of the body, where the cancer cells are located, and not the whole body. During the treatment, some of the healthy cells also get damaged, but they heal when the treatment is completed. This therapy does not immediately kill cancer cells. This treatment takes weeks to kill cancer cells, and the cancer cells keep dying for months after the radiation therapy is completed.

The radiation therapy is given to the cancer patients according to the type of cancer they have or how much it has spread. This radiation therapy can be given along with other different treatments to treat cancer. This therapy depends on many factors, such as the type of cancer, size of the tumor, location of the tumor, closeness of the tumor to the other normal tissues, your medical history, your age, etc.

Types of radiation therapy:

1. External Beam Radiation Therapy:

In external-beam radiation therapy, radiation is delivered from a machine outside the body. This machine sends radiation to the target area of the body from different directions. The therapy affects the tumor and avoids the surrounding healthy tissues, which are located nearby. This therapy is given to patients for several weeks. External therapy is of different types, such as:

• Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT)
• Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).
• Proton beam therapy.
• Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT).
• Stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT).

2. Internal Radiation Therapy:

Internal radiation therapy is also known as brachytherapy. In this radiation therapy, radioactive materials like seeds, ribbons, or capsules are kept in the cancer cells or the surrounding tissue. This is the permanent implant.

In systemic radiation therapy, this type of radiation therapy can be given through a vein via an IV line or through an injection. After this therapy, your body fluids give off radiation via urine, saliva, and sweat.

What are the side effects of radiation therapy?

The majority of cancer patients receive radiation therapy over a number of sessions, and they do not get the full dose at once. So, during sessions, your tissues get time to recover, which reduces side effects. However, patients report vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, headaches, skin irritation, hair loss, mouth sores, decreased appetite, and pain in the throat when swallowing.

Radiation therapy helps treat cancer in the body. But like other treatments, this therapy also causes side effects such as skin changes, discomfort, etc. There is a risk of developing a second cancer after undergoing this therapy. In the majority of cases, radiation therapy removes the existing cancer.

How to Cure Childhood Cancer?

With the advancement of technology, about 80% of childhood cancers can be cured globally. In high-income countries, as resources become available, childhood cancer can be cured. But the percentage is low in India because of a lack of awareness. The reasons for lower survival rates in low-income countries are a delay in diagnosis, inaccessible therapy, an inaccurate diagnosis, if the patient leaves treatment in between, and death from side effects.

For kids and teenagers, cancer is the main cause of death. Generally, the most common types of cancer in children are leukemia, lymphomas, brain tumors, and solid tumors. In most cases, screening cannot detect or prevent childhood cancer. By using generic medications and other cancer treatments, like surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplant, childhood cancers can be cured. Most importantly, pediatric cancer can be treated in any socioeconomic setting. In this blog, you will learn the method for curing childhood cancer.

The warning signs of cancer in children:

1. If there is blindness, a bulging eyeball, a white spot in the child’s eye, a new squint, etc. are some of the few warning signs of cancer.
2. In case a lump is found in the abdomen and pelvis, limbs, testes, glands, head, and neck.
3. Loss of weight and appetite are seen in children.
4. If your child has a high fever, pale skin, fatigue, easy bruising, or excessive bleeding, seek medical attention immediately.
5. If there is a change in behavior, balance, headaches, or an enlarging head, consult your doctor.
6. Patient is having pain in her bones, joints, and back.

The Causes of Cancer in Children:

Normally, there is no known cause for childhood cancers. Cancer can affect any region of the body and affect people of all ages. It starts when there is a genetic change in the single cells. Then it grows into a tumor and affects other parts of the body. If the treatment is not given, it leads to death.

Adults are more likely to develop cancer if they have an unhealthy diet, such as smoking or eating unhealthy foods. But the children do not have any unhealthy habits that increase their risk of cancer. If the child has a family history of cancer, then it will increase the risk of having cancer.

But childhood cancers are caused by a DNA mutation that is not inherited but occurs randomly. There are very few cancers in children that are caused by lifestyle or environmental factors.

HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, and malaria are some of the chronic diseases that increase the risk of developing childhood cancer. In low-income countries, this is very important. Hence, it is very necessary to get vaccinated, as other infections can increase the risk of cancer.

Effective Cancer Prevention Strategy for Children:

Normally, it is not possible to prevent childhood cancer in children, but it is possible to reduce cancer in children. With early diagnosis, correct treatment, and palliative care, you can cure cancer in children. Early diagnosis of cancer improves the survival rate of many children suffering from cancer. If cancer is identified early, then it will respond to treatment, the patient will suffer less, and the treatment will be less expensive.

If the child gets an early diagnosis, then appropriate therapies are available for the patient, such as chemotherapy, surgery, or radiotherapy. As all children suffering from cancer cannot be cured, palliative care should be given to those who suffer from cancer.

 

 

How Does Immunotherapy Help in the Fight Against Cancer?

Immunotherapy is basically a cancer treatment that uses your own immune system to fight and destroy cancer cells. Because the cancer cells are different from normal cells, they do not die. This therapy uses substances that are made by the body to boost the immune system. It is used to treat many different types of cancer. The specialist uses this therapy alone or sometimes uses chemotherapy to treat cancer patients. In this blog, you will learn how immunotherapy helps fight cancer.

What are the Different Types of Immunotherapy?         

The immune system of a person consists of complex processes, i.e., cells, organs, and proteins. In this, cancer cells continue to grow. Immunotherapy helps the immune system to slow down the growth of cancer cells or stop cancer from spreading in other parts of the body. Doctors recommend immunotherapy to the patient according to the type of cancer, location, and size and also on which part of the body the cancer has spread. Treatment also depends upon various factors like age, general health, and body weight.

The Different Types of Immunotherapy:

• Non-specific immunotherapies

Non-specific immunotherapies help your immune system destroy cancer cells. There are different types of non-specific immunotherapies, i.e., cytokines, which are part of the immune system. Interferons are produced by the immune system to alert your body and slow the growth of cancer cells. Interleukins pass messages between cells.

 

• Monoclonal antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors

Monoclonal antibodies are generally made in a laboratory in order to boost the body’s natural antibodies to fight against cancer. This also blocks the activity of abnormal proteins in cancer cells. It is known as targeted therapy, in which the medication is used to target the cancer’s tissues, genes, or proteins that help the cancer grow.

• Oncolytic virus therapy

Oncolytic virus therapy is also known as virus therapy, and it uses viruses that have been changed in a laboratory in order to destroy cancer cells. When the modified version of the virus is injected into the cancer cells, then it makes a copy of itself and damages the cancer cells. After the cells die, they release proteins that boost your immune system and target any cancer cells in your body.

• Cancer vaccines

A cancer vaccine exposes your immune system to a protein known as an antigen that helps to fight body disease. This boosts the immune system to destroy the antigen. To prevent cancer, there are two types of vaccine, i.e., prevention vaccines and treatment vaccines.

• T-cell therapy

T cells are the cells that help fight against infection. In T-cell therapy, a specialist removes T cells from the patients’ blood and adds proteins known as receptors to the cells. These receptors help to recognize cancer cells. The modified T cells are inserted into the body and then destroy cancer cells. This is also called chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy.

Why do People with a Healthy Immune System Get Cancer?

People with a healthy immune system suffer from cancer because the immune system doesn’t recognize the cancer cells as these cells aren’t different from normal cells. Secondly, the immune system recognizes the cancer cells, but they are not strong enough to destroy the cancer. And cancer cells produce substances that keep the immune system from attacking them. Hence, researchers have found ways so that the immune system can recognize cancer cells and destroy them.

The Side-effects of Immunotherapy

The various side-effects of immunotherapy are fatigue, nausea or vomiting, mouth sores, diarrhea, high blood pressure, fever, pain or weakness, headaches, and itching.

Conclusion

Immunotherapy boosts your immune system and helps fight cancer. This therapy stops cancer cells from growing in the patient’s body. Immunotherapy alone can be helpful to treat cancer and in combination with chemotherapy.